{"id":349,"date":"2023-12-18T08:30:26","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T07:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/?page_id=349"},"modified":"2024-06-06T09:07:43","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T07:07:43","slug":"white-paper","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/white-paper\/","title":{"rendered":"White paper"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"349\" class=\"elementor elementor-349\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd49ef6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd49ef6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b29ff12\" data-id=\"b29ff12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-356112b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"356112b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.1 - 13-11-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The world's problem is ours too.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01e6783 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01e6783\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c2ed8a\" data-id=\"6c2ed8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fee9d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fee9d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.1 - 13-11-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Critical minerals are a fundamental part of the energy and electricity security landscape. Demand for critical minerals for clean energy technologies is set to rise two to fourfold by 2030 (depending on the scenario)\u00a0as a result of\u00a0the expanding deployment of renewables. Copper use sees the largest increase in terms of absolute volumes, with current demand of around 6 million\u00a0tonnes\u00a0(Mt) per year increasing to 16 Mt in the NZE Scenario.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-df32520 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"df32520\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95ab968\" data-id=\"95ab968\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b69bcf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b69bcf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.1 - 13-11-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/metals_NZE.png\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/metals_NZE.png 1124w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/metals_NZE-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/metals_NZE-1024x656.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/metals_NZE-768x492.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d99375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d99375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>International Energy Agency | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2022\">World Energy Outlook 2022<\/a> EVs, battery storage and electricity networks.<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff9a5aa\" data-id=\"ff9a5aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-364d4a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"364d4a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2022 Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS): this scenario maps out a trajectory that reflects current policy settings, based on a detailed assessment of what policies are actually in place or are under development by governments around the world.<\/p><p>\u2022 Announced Pledges Scenario (APS): this scenario assumes that all long-term emissions and energy access targets, including net zero commitments, will be met on time and in full, even where policies are not yet in place to deliver them.<\/p><p>\u2022 Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario: this scenario sets out a pathway for the global energy sector to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ca5395 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ca5395\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8892d78\" data-id=\"8892d78\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f13550 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f13550\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the world moves on from today\u2019s energy crisis, it needs to avoid new vulnerabilities arising from high and volatile critical mineral prices or highly concentrated clean energy supply chains. If not adequately addressed, these issues could delay energy transitions or make them more costly.<\/p><p>In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), demand for critical minerals more than doubles from today\u2019s level by 2030. In absolute tonnage, Copper sees the largest increase but other critical minerals experience much faster rates of demand growth, notably silicon and silver\u00a0for solar\u00a0PV, rare earth elements for wind turbine motors and lithium for batteries. Demand management through sobriety, innovation in technologies with low metallic intensities, and efficiency gains -within the limits of the laws of physics- continued recycling in mature sectors are vital options to ease strains on critical minerals markets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f93d92f\" data-id=\"f93d92f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac9d97d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac9d97d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Li_Copper_Nickel_Co-1024x658.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Li_Copper_Nickel_Co-1024x658.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Li_Copper_Nickel_Co-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Li_Copper_Nickel_Co-768x493.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Li_Copper_Nickel_Co.png 1121w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1a7ba4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1a7ba4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ee16d2\" data-id=\"9ee16d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a07d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9a07d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Both the extraction and processing of critical minerals are highly concentrated geographically: unless the need for stronger resilience and diversity in supply chains is addressed, there is a risk that the increasing use and importance of critical minerals could become a bottleneck for clean energy deployment.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">High reliance on individual countries such as China for critical mineral supplies and for many clean technology supply chains is a risk for transitions, but so too are diversification options that close off the benefits of trade.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad47fc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad47fc8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9227d21\" data-id=\"9227d21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef0b0ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef0b0ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Endgame of Easter Eggs chase ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04994dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04994dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transitioning \u00ab\u00a0away\u00a0\u00bb from fossil fuels is definitely not enough to stay on a 1.5 degrees pathway , and we all know it. Neither is \u00ab\u00a0phasing down\u00a0\u00bb actually. Futureproofing businesses means seriously considering the risk of an era with little to no access to fossil hydrocarbons. If not restricted from a self-imposed diet on black gold, an interrupted supply from increased geopolitical tensions, energy return on energy invested too poor for operators to keep going, yielding prohibitive marginal cost of production, or utmost depletion of the finite quantity of oil available, having reached planetary boundaries. Rather than forced sobriety, planned reduction and decreased reliance may be the way&#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459155e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"459155e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12202\" height=\"1961\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2.png 12202w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2-1024x165.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2-768x123.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2-1536x247.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/le-monde-sans-fin2-2048x329.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 12202px) 100vw, 12202px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73a755e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73a755e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"booktitle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.au\/books\/about\/World_Without_End.html?id=vxF1EAAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\"><span class=\"fn\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Extract from : World Without End <\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=inauthor:%22Blain+Christophe%22\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Blain Christophe<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/search?tbo=p&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=inauthor:%22Jancovici+Jean-Marc%22\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Jancovici Jean-Marc<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e13f504 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e13f504\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac5daca\" data-id=\"ac5daca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8022ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8022ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Coal, Oil and Gas are not the only commodities seeing increase in the discovery cost, and higher energy requirements.<\/p><p>As most of the easy-to-find deposits have been discovered, metal explorers are facing the dilemma of looking for high-grade orebodies under difficult conditions (deep underground buried below thick cover) or lower grade surface deposits or tailings reprocessing of potentially challenging metallurgically.\u00a0 With ever lowering grades, the waste-to-ore ratio increase, symmetrically increasing the energy requirement .<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-319257b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"319257b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4836bf3\" data-id=\"4836bf3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a692d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a692d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">The lognormal distribution of metals grades, and its consequences to us<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6405030 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6405030\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a247652\" data-id=\"a247652\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad5fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ad5fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>As grades can&rsquo;t be be negative, zero acts like a hard boundary.<\/strong><\/p><p>Given this remains true across all commodities, the odds of finding the top 1% mineral endowment decreases exponentially.<\/p><p>An efficient utilisation of resources calls for the highest grades to be targeted, found and mined first, easier said than done.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f96b9dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f96b9dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\"><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Beyond grades : the e<\/span>nergy for metal production <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8222753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8222753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The first term of the energy requirement is a function of the inverse of the concentration, said otherwise, it\u2019s proportional to 1 over the grade.<\/p><p>That is, the lower the metallic concentration in the ore, the more mass needs be mined, and subsequently crushed. The other terms are constants. Overall, the energy required for the metal production is increasing overtime, as we mine lower grade deposits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc1eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8dc1eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">The energies of copper production<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75efe87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"75efe87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration-1536x533.png\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration-1536x533.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration-1024x355.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration-768x266.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metal-concentration.png 1592w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-533a672\" data-id=\"533a672\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-436c00c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"436c00c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1782\" height=\"2475\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957.png 1782w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957-216x300.png 216w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957-737x1024.png 737w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957-768x1067.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957-1106x1536.png 1106w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Allais_1957-1475x2048.png 1475w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1782px) 100vw, 1782px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19947c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19947c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-045d85c\" data-id=\"045d85c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8062ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8062ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-1024x759.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-1024x759.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-768x570.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-1536x1139.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/vidal1-2048x1519.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9013061\" data-id=\"9013061\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5635267 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5635267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">CU later, Copper ! <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbc9308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbc9308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The price of copper from 1900 to 2000 has dropped by 1-2% per year essentially dominated by increased energy efficiency.<\/p><p>Until the 2000s, the energy gains compensated the decreasing cut-off concentrations.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a59a4c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a59a4c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Efficiency gain\u00a0 \u00a0 <i>1930 \u2013 2000 <\/i>: <b>-1.5% \/ year<\/b><\/p><p>Ore grade\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i>1930 \u2013 2000 <\/i>: <b>-1.5% \/ year <\/b><\/p><p><b>-1.5% \/ year<\/b> won\u2019t last forever.\u00a0<\/p><p>The thermodynamic limit \u03b7=1.5 will be reached before 2100.<\/p><p>Improvement in mechanical crushing and grinding technologies won\u2019t be able to happen as quickly as the drop in concentration of ore reserves.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9e91d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9e91d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-157304b\" data-id=\"157304b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cadc16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cadc16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">The limit of efficiency gains<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-644b140 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"644b140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The ever-increasing energy requirement of lower grade ore is the thermodynamic baseline (in red). Yet, as there is no such things as 100% efficiency, a more realistic dotted line highlights the practical minimum energy expected to be required for the production of copper, as the 3% deposits are getting exhausted, replaced with\u00a0 2%, then 1% and even massive low-grade Andean porphyry in the 0.5% copper mark.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2705aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2705aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Hitting the baseline<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9957bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9957bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While there has been significant increase in efficiency in the past century, it\u2019s essentially because there was much room for improvement. <em>(<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">the distance to the thermodynamic limit is decreasing in a 1\u2044e^x fashion).<\/span><\/em><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Now we are getting very close the best that can be done, and it is expected that the rest of the century will see an increase in the energy requirements, driven by the\u00a0 forever decreasing drop in concentration of orebodies.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2da1d9\" data-id=\"b2da1d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fee9a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fee9a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-1024x728.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-1024x728.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-768x546.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-1536x1092.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/efficiency-2048x1456.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec93fae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec93fae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Energy of copper production with varying ore grade and technology <b>E<\/b><b>(t)<\/b><\/li><li>Energy at constant ore grade with varying technology <b>(EC)<\/b><\/li><li>Practical minimum energy <b>(PME)<\/b><\/li><li>Thermodynamic limit <b>(ETL)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-392fabf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"392fabf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b36d9db\" data-id=\"b36d9db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e1a542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e1a542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the grades of new deposits\u00a0<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">falling, the overall endowment<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">\u00a0of reserves is increased. But let&rsquo;s not be fooled by seemingly unlimited tonnages of ore available at lower grades, as the mobilisation of resources required to convert it in usable metal is increasing simultaneously.\u00a0 \u00a0As concentrations are still 200 times richer than the average content of copper in the crust (<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Clark Cu = 30 ppm = 0.003%)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd534fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd534fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f80ea4\" data-id=\"5f80ea4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b37bfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b37bfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Vidal, O.; Le Boulzec, H.; Andrieu, B.; Verzier, F.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03426225\">Modelling the Demand and Access of Mineral Resources in a Changing World<\/a>. Sustainability 2022<\/em><\/p><p><em>R\u00f6tzer and Schmidt [89]; (2) Rosenkranz [90]; (3) Gaines [91]; (4) Kellogg [92]; (5) Page and Creasy [93]; (6) Norgate and Jahanshahi [86]; (7) Marsden [94]; (8) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [95]; (9) Rankin [96]; (10) Chapman [97]<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f6326 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36f6326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">What comes down must go up<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9fe105 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9fe105\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c222d5c\" data-id=\"c222d5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f59a4d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f59a4d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/tech-price-1024x692.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/tech-price-1024x692.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/tech-price-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/tech-price-768x519.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/tech-price.png 1066w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbc14b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dbc14b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cathode_price_metals_share-1024x673.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cathode_price_metals_share-1024x673.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cathode_price_metals_share-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cathode_price_metals_share-768x505.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cathode_price_metals_share.png 1096w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ab139f\" data-id=\"3ab139f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cd2165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cd2165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Can prices go any lower ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c32855a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c32855a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metal-intensive low-carbon technologies costs have consistently decreased until around 2020, when the curves flattened. While efficiency gains have helped make these techs more affordable, durable increase in energy priced have steadily been counteracting\u00a0 any financial savings.\u00a0<\/p><p>No one can escape the laws of physics, not even solar panel manufacturers. The thermodynamic maximal yield of current cells is nearly reached. Remaining improvement through economies of scales have been achieved in gigafactories, leaving a thin margin for extra progress\u00a0 to be expected, and the $\/kWh is forecasted to increase. A fossil-fueled world made these technologies cheap, the maximal affordability is now behind us, and low-cost renewable generation will go away as upstream fossil-reliant manufacturing and shipping processes have to cope with their geologically-imposed phase out, and costlier alternative. As a result, <em>now<\/em> is the best time in history to invest in inexpensive electrification.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa2097 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fa2097\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-01d8f9a\" data-id=\"01d8f9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea688fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea688fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our appetite for critical minerals<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16dc2da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16dc2da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63d4e23\" data-id=\"63d4e23\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3837f69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3837f69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22722d2\" data-id=\"22722d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6351702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6351702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Not all metals are created equals<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09cac6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b09cac6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Akarbo, we believe that some elements are more worth chasing than others. While not all the information can be contained in a price, it appears that the industry discriminate against the different commodities too, judging but market size.<\/p><p>We like Copper because of the sheer volumes of this essential red conductor required. So much so that it deserved it&rsquo;s own axis, otherwise it would dwarf the other metals.<\/p><p>As long as the mineral has a critical role for the energy transition, we are metal-agnostic. We target altogether IOCG-IOA for their Cu,Co,REE,U content, Carbonatites for their REE grades, and LCT pegmatites (Li,Si) indifferently.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5341244\" data-id=\"5341244\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7dc10a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a7dc10a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/energy-transition-minerals-1024x650.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/energy-transition-minerals-1024x650.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/energy-transition-minerals-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/energy-transition-minerals-768x488.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/energy-transition-minerals.png 1134w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7887df6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7887df6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6253f50\" data-id=\"6253f50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab210c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eab210c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-1024x587.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-1024x587.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-1536x880.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rock-to-metal-ratio.jpg-2048x1174.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd6932b\" data-id=\"bd6932b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f07bf6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f07bf6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Optimising the rock to metal ratio<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f2850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07f2850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We want to be leaders in metal to waste ratio, both by targeting world class, high grade deposits, and developping integrated business where waste doesn&rsquo;t have to be, and is just another resource looking for a market.<\/p>\n<p><br><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54c0e82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54c0e82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9ec359\" data-id=\"e9ec359\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-007f9b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"007f9b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29f31ac\" data-id=\"29f31ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f147144 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f147144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">We won't explore for gold, nor diamonds.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e3c22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3e3c22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Without surprise<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3fb490 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3fb490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Aspiring to best-in-class grades<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0019fbb\" data-id=\"0019fbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3215ccb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3215ccb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-390117a\" data-id=\"390117a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f5488f\" data-id=\"1f5488f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7f56f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7f56f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Optimising the rock to metal ratio<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260f6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"260f6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We want to be leaders in metal to waste ratio, both by targeting world class, high grade deposits, and developping integrated business where waste doesn&rsquo;t have to be, and is just another resource looking for a market.<\/p>\n<p><br><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c2536d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c2536d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a20f3ba\" data-id=\"a20f3ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f7cd97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f7cd97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WA, critical mineral powerhouse<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc6767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dc6767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Integration of isotopic and seismic data<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f7b77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99f7b77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New insights from geochemical and isotopic mapping, seismic surveys, to reference this back to poorly mapped undercover geology, to increase our applied understanding of cratons, the evolution of their margins, and the associated deposits their bear.<\/p><p>Integration of DMIRS &amp; GSWA work should help reveal the internal architecture, through various techniques covering data of varying amplitude, from crustal scale seismic reflection surveys, to passive seismic arrays, to regional isotopic maps, or whole rock geochemistry from publicly funded EIS drillholes.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20b0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c20b0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Depletion of a finite endowment<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e75bca\" data-id=\"0e75bca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5702bd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5702bd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Unlocking \"The Gap\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e3b633 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e3b633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Proterozoic margins have more to give<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aebe47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aebe47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We want to be leaders in metal to waste ratio, both by targeting world class, high grade deposits, and developing integrated business where waste doesn&rsquo;t have to be, and is just another resource looking for a market.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bace79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bace79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Integration of isotopic and seismic data<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c1727 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87c1727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New insights from geochemical and isotopic mapping, seismic surveys, to reference this back to poorly mapped undercover geology, to increase our applied understanding of cratons, the evolution of their margins, and the associated deposits their bear.<\/p><p>Integration of DMIRS &amp; GSWA work should help reveal the internal architecture, through various techniques covering data of varying amplitude, from crustal scale seismic reflection surveys, to passive seismic arrays, to regional isotopic maps, or whole rock geochemistry from publicly funded EIS drillholes.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8da4c6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8da4c6c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-622d3bd\" data-id=\"622d3bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-18b9d39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18b9d39\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff59784\" data-id=\"ff59784\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda7295 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cda7295\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">The reason we won't ever explore for gold<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f724e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60f724e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The yellow metal abundance in the crust (0.001-0.006 parts per million),\u00a0 requires a\u00a0<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">thousand fold\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">enrichment\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">through geological processes,<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">\u00a0to achieve grades around 1 ppm to qualify for reasonable prospect of economic extraction.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">With an average Rock-to-metal Ratio of 5 million (0.5 gram of gold metal recovered per ton) of ore, not considering for the stripping (or ore-to-waste ratio), this makes it amongst the most diluted commodity, and thus the most energy &amp; CO2e intensive activity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb71308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb71308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Just because we can, doesn't mean we should<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f80f94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f80f94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many explorers raise funding to prospect for gold. Some find anomalies worthy of additional consideration, and some few may even become a short-lived mine. And 2.5% of the profit goes back to the state as royalty ! What a generous contribution to society !<\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size ); font-style: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-style ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-text-letter-spacing ); text-transform: var( --e-global-typography-text-text-transform ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">An alternate future could have happened, one where the explorer&rsquo;s :<\/span><\/p><ul><li>hours of brain juice,<\/li><li>workforce&rsquo;s shifts,<\/li><li>use of physical goods,<\/li><li>mobilisation of (mostly) fossil energy and drilling machinery<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><p>would have ended up with the discovery of a deposit of a metal actually useful for the energy transition !<\/p><p>The real world is constrained with finite resources &#8211; human or material &#8211; and the question of their optimal allocation will always arise, all together with ultimate looming opportunity cost.<\/p><p>Exploring with purpose would have equally yielded :<\/p><ul><li>Intellectual stimulation of exploration geos,<\/li><li>upskilling of field team through additional experiences,<\/li><li>purchase of goods with GST and local expenditure,<\/li><li>Use of energy and equipment contractors<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>would have happened regardless, but in the later case, a metal that matter (pick one, there are a few in the periodic table, just not #79)<\/p><p>Despite all of this effort, energy spent in developing that prospect,\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c49f883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c49f883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Self-imposed values, or the power to say no<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4312262\" data-id=\"4312262\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60fee92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"60fee92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"594\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RMR_vs_enrichement-factor.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RMR_vs_enrichement-factor.png 594w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RMR_vs_enrichement-factor-248x300.png 248w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-207c841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"207c841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Scatter plots of Rock-to-Metal Ratios (RMRs) vs enrichment factor relative to continental crust (Clarkes), ore grade (economic concentration) in log scale.<\/p><p>The horizonal axis represents the work nature has done to concentrate an element, whereas the vertical axis represents the concentration required by society to recover an element.<\/p><p>Large circles represent global RMR averages; small circles represent individual operations<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b79429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b79429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ore-gradevs-rock-to-ore-ratio.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ore-gradevs-rock-to-ore-ratio.png 958w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ore-gradevs-rock-to-ore-ratio-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ore-gradevs-rock-to-ore-ratio-768x577.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14f163 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d14f163\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Nassar et al,\u00a0<span role=\"menubar\"><a role=\"menuitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9118561\/#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">Environ Sci Technol.<\/a><\/span>\u00a02022 May 17; 56(10): 6710\u20136721.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c37d84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c37d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WA Array, valuable insight<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1b75b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1b75b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exploring where metals are<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ff0a9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ff0a9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-346a751\" data-id=\"346a751\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cdb33c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9cdb33c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Integration of isotopic and seismic data<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e5249 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e5249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New insights from geochemical and isotopic mapping, seismic surveys, to reference this back to poorly mapped undercover geology, to increase our applied understanding of cratons, the evolution of their margins, and the associated deposits their bear.<\/p><p>Integration of DMIRS &amp; GSWA work should help reveal the internal architecture, through various techniques covering data of varying amplitude, from crustal scale seismic reflection surveys, to passive seismic arrays, to regional isotopic maps, or whole rock geochemistry from publicly funded EIS drillholes.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7439d4a\" data-id=\"7439d4a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-452e446 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"452e446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mine waste, tailings, landforms<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c9d603 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c9d603\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61a85f2\" data-id=\"61a85f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3366449\" data-id=\"3366449\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f291434\" data-id=\"f291434\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b446007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b446007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Scaring the Earth<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e64218 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e64218\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preventing injury to the land is paramount, and a constant focus of the Akarbo environmental and project team. Rigorous assessments and approval process happen to ensure mine wastes and tailings are properly investigated through quantitative mineralogy and metallurgy, so that unrecovered critical minerals aren&rsquo;t left unvalorised.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-863d764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"863d764\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8911ae4\" data-id=\"8911ae4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc4172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cc4172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ensuring the mines of the future are discovered<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c3df6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c3df6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Making the world a better place ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fed0109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fed0109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Akarbo's role in a \"green\" future<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0ef416 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0ef416\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-092d15c\" data-id=\"092d15c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e50ee51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e50ee51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-1024x853.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-1024x853.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-768x640.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-1536x1280.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/metals-per-energy-supply-2048x1707.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-80086ef\" data-id=\"80086ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-748cf32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"748cf32\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9cfd30\" data-id=\"f9cfd30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ec879b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ec879b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"779\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-1024x997.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-1024x997.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-768x748.png 768w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-1536x1496.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Total-Material-Requirement-2048x1995.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a23449\" data-id=\"3a23449\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfa28a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dfa28a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapping through cover<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3eef56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3eef56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Translithospheric fault<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49c7104 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49c7104\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c68fc7\" data-id=\"7c68fc7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ea8404\" data-id=\"8ea8404\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e22069b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e22069b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The decarbonised mine<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deba0d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"deba0d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While the numbers are large, one should also keep in mind that the extraction of the 8.8 billion tons of coal we use is extremely material and water-intensive<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73d8667 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73d8667\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b4760f9\" data-id=\"b4760f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70e2e96\" data-id=\"70e2e96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a2b36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71a2b36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mobilising power in remote areas<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2188764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2188764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are looking for continuous and uninterrupted power supply for safety systems, communications, mission-critical assets and infrastructure across all operations.\u00a0 Our technology agnosticism stops where spinning reserve requires fossil-fuel support. The risk of power outage needs to be balanced with firmed capacity capable of handling fluctuations. We are keen on exploring high penetration wind and solar PV array associated with stand alone power systems and integrated battery storage, considering decommissioning liabilities, minimal land sterilisation footprint.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4d0863 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4d0863\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6974c9\" data-id=\"f6974c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16a2fc4\" data-id=\"16a2fc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a6ea13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a6ea13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electrified haulage ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47b3305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47b3305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is haulage required in the first place, or can the mine exclude altogether the requirement to get the mass of the truck on the move, when only the payload matters ? We are exited to investigated opportunities for in-pit \/ underground conveying systems, minimising the reliance of a transport fleet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d4bb5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d4bb5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-194c775\" data-id=\"194c775\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b62b632\" data-id=\"b62b632\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-246e411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"246e411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fast tracking change<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a575546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a575546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>But how fast do we need to move ? In 2024, we are left with 200 Gigatonnes of CO2, which at an exhaustion rate of 40 Gt per year means a 50% likelihood to stay under 1.5 degrees would be exhausted by 2029. (alternatively, 67% chance exhausted in 2027, 83% chance exhausted by 2026). Source :\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ed3908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ed3908\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eccfabc\" data-id=\"eccfabc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82c9b06\" data-id=\"82c9b06\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aebe2f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aebe2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Letting the drillbit do the talking<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d4613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3d4613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With limited capital comes great responsibility. To optimise the allocation of finite resources, we have decided to limit our communication and representation expenses to the bear minimum. Walking the walk rather than talking the talk in essence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-366adef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"366adef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45a4127\" data-id=\"45a4127\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f75dcf0\" data-id=\"f75dcf0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b734e00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b734e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our carbon philosophy<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9148cba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9148cba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Less is more. The fewer the better. Front, end and center. KPI it so that it&rsquo;s part of all decisions. A productive day is producing no more carbon dioxide than we are through breathing.<\/p><p>(and a lil bit of methane because&#8230; we&rsquo;ll are humans, rights ?! Or are we ? We co-host 100 trillion biota in our organism after all ! )<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84d8636 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"84d8636\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c5e643\" data-id=\"9c5e643\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-915fe51\" data-id=\"915fe51\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66957b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d66957b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Influence over design<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c47f470 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c47f470\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Limited shareholding means less possibles sources of conflict over decision making, as we care for a better future to make a difference. We need to start baselining our ideal emission profile aligned with the Paris agreement across all our emissions (Scope 1+2+3)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a17e2f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a17e2f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eafb7d7\" data-id=\"eafb7d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-999db9a\" data-id=\"999db9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09c2faf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09c2faf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Decarbonisation fund<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd0c02b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd0c02b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Should there be any gold recovered as a by-product of a commodity that matter (Cu, Bi, U,W,Fe, REE, P&#8230;), we vow to allocate all proceeds into a decarbonisation fund to invest in loss-making or difficult-to-finance initiatives that help us on our journey to mine responsibly. As a result of this core value, mining for solely for gold won&rsquo;t happen as it won&rsquo;t be considered a profit but a cost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e29d031 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e29d031\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f1b8c3\" data-id=\"5f1b8c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5e450\" data-id=\"3a5e450\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14afd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d14afd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ASRS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e504361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e504361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We&rsquo;re all for a mandatory climate-related financial disclosure and fully support the federal initiative for an Australian Sustainability Reporting Standard. We aim for best practise from the start and may have to undergo a readiness assessment in light of our future operational emission decarbonisation roadmap.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b02a4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b02a4f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b54734\" data-id=\"4b54734\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea306f7\" data-id=\"ea306f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2212f10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2212f10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ready to motor<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-337a53f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"337a53f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Electrify everything, and minimise the transportation of things that don&rsquo;t need to move. That&rsquo;s how we make the best use of motors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e60deb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e60deb3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4444eb4\" data-id=\"4444eb4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c753dcc\" data-id=\"c753dcc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5ea90e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5ea90e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sufficient level of capacity building<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f43d7d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f43d7d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As a company, we are greater than the sum of our individual employees. To get where we ant to be, upskilling is essential and provisioning for it is too. That means being staffed at the right level to keep a good dynamic working environment, with a right balance for thriving personal life.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44fcd4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44fcd4f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df1fcaa\" data-id=\"df1fcaa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49a6e1a\" data-id=\"49a6e1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7ace48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7ace48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Doing the right thing from get go<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8fe5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c8fe5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Think first so you don&rsquo;t act twice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59cbf7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59cbf7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dd958c\" data-id=\"3dd958c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c7cc61\" data-id=\"6c7cc61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-606c646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"606c646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Building resilience<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9f792 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9f792\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plan ahead for some wild future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a8282e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a8282e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df83646\" data-id=\"df83646\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86fe3a8\" data-id=\"86fe3a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-215260f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"215260f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eagerness to go down the rabbit hole<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587e03f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"587e03f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Devil&rsquo;s in the details. Let&rsquo;s not be afraid to deep dive in the details to unravel the technical intricacies. Things are complex and oversimplification can hurt.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e1b960 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e1b960\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-660a947\" data-id=\"660a947\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3b9c33\" data-id=\"b3b9c33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a81b5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a81b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leading the way<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b166841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b166841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Let&rsquo;s show how things should be done<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2729e52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2729e52\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7e0e74\" data-id=\"d7e0e74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76d9eb0\" data-id=\"76d9eb0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81898e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81898e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Setting the example<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bbb9df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bbb9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Let&rsquo;s show how things should be done<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b45a001 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b45a001\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91eac32\" data-id=\"91eac32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-747c7aa\" data-id=\"747c7aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-255ee58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"255ee58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our materiality approach<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e01803 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e01803\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everything matters. Not just CO2 ! We embrace the donut economics and see further than what the carbon tunnel vision has to offer. Keep biodiversity, disruption to N and P cycles, water, light pollution, aerosols, depletion of natural biotic and abiotic capital in the discussion and every decision making !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-808ebc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"808ebc5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd85507\" data-id=\"dd85507\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-393e90c\" data-id=\"393e90c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7beacd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7beacd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A \"responsible\" emitter, really ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524ee82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"524ee82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Safeguard legislation mandate polluters above 100 kt CO2e Scope1 to a set of light constrains. We think the scope of companies should be widened and the threshold halved, and be inclusive of the Scope 2 emissions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77a63fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77a63fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6edee90\" data-id=\"6edee90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8485893\" data-id=\"8485893\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2470499 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2470499\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pricing negative externalities<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1409e36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1409e36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Akarbo is in support of a generalised model of carbon price. For this price to have a meaningful effect on decision-making, we decide to voluntarily align with the social cost of carbon of\u00a0 US$1056 to reflect the present value of welfare loss associated with business as usual, as indicated in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w32450?utm_campaign=ntwh&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=ntwg1\">Bilal &amp; K\u00e4nzig 2024<\/a>. We also price NOx emissions at AU$12800 (AU$3700-46700\/t from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24769126\/\">Buonocore et al., 2014<\/a>), Diesel particulate matter PM2.5 at AU$190000 ($AU$40000-410000\/t) underground and AU$50000(AUD4-190000) aboveground (NSW EPA, 2013), Statistical value of life (for fatal injury) $5.4M <a href=\"https:\/\/oia.pmc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/value-of-statistical-life.pdf\">(OIA, 2023)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c206c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c206c6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b956951\" data-id=\"b956951\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0857279 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0857279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pushing the Earth System boundaries : <br><h2 data-elementor-setting-key=\"title\" data-pen-placeholder=\"\u00c9crivez ici...\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight ); line-height: var( --e-global-typography-primary-line-height ); font-size: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-size ); text-transform: none; font-style: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; letter-spacing: normal;\">Exhausting the biosphere<br><\/h2><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Subverting the hydrosphere<\/span><br><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-primary ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-size ); font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight ); background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">Emptying the pedosphere<\/span><br>Rocking the lithosphere<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32d97d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32d97d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The anthropogenisation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ImPSNQGvLkU&amp;ab_channel=ArthurKeller\">Nature<\/a> is really what we have become excelling at<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-157f31f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"157f31f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-93339c0\" data-id=\"93339c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dc4533\" data-id=\"1dc4533\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3894a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3894a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nature is facing a serious human crisis<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2111091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2111091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Akarbo is in support of a generalised model of carbon price. For this price to have a meaningful effect on decision-making, we decide to voluntarily align with the social cost of carbon of\u00a0 US$1056 to reflect the present value of welfare loss associated with business as usual, as indicated in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w32450?utm_campaign=ntwh&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=ntwg1\">Bilal &amp; K\u00e4nzig 2024<\/a>. We also price NOx emissions at AU$12800 (AU$3700-46700\/t from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24769126\/\">Buonocore et al., 2014<\/a>), Diesel particulate matter PM2.5 at AU$190000 ($AU$40000-410000\/t) underground and AU$50000(AUD4-190000) aboveground (NSW EPA, 2013), Statistical value of life (for fatal injury) $5.4M <a href=\"https:\/\/oia.pmc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/value-of-statistical-life.pdf\">(OIA, 2023)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world&rsquo;s problem is ours too. Critical minerals are a fundamental part of the energy and electricity security landscape. Demand for critical minerals for clean energy technologies is set to rise two to fourfold by 2030 (depending on the scenario)\u00a0as a result of\u00a0the expanding deployment of renewables. Copper use sees the largest increase in terms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-349","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=349"}],"version-history":[{"count":73,"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":511,"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/349\/revisions\/511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akarbo.com\/nicolas\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}